医学术语翻译-病例翻译
病例常用词汇
一、发烧 Fever
发烧
发烧：become feverish; have a temperature
发高烧：have a high fever
平常有微热，有几次升到38.4度：have low grade (slight) fever to 38.4℃ on a few occasions
没有发烧：be afebrile; have no fever
体温升高
体温上升：have an elevation of temperature
发高烧伴随恶寒：have high temp. associated with chill
体温上升，有恶寒：have chills with high temperature
体温急速下降：one's fever falls (abates; declines) promptly
体温开始减低：fever began to remit
体温似乎是减退了：fever seemed to abate
体温降到正常：fever dropped (was reduced) to normal
体温慢慢地下降(上升)：with slow lysis ( cirsis) of fever
体温一天一天地低下来：fever became lower day by day
二、睡眠 Sleep
睡眠障碍
非常爱睡：be unusually sleepy
贪睡：be fond of sleep
无法控制的嗜睡：uncontrollable somnolence
易醒：be easily wakened
时常在晚上醒过来：often wake up at night.
不能熟睡：sleep is not sound
晚上睡得不很熟：do not sleep well at night
睡觉不能多过数小时：sleep for no longer than a few hours.
由于呼吸短促睡不着：have sleepless night with shortness of breath
今年冬天由于夜间性气喘一直失眠：had insomnia this winter due to nocturnal asthma
患失眠症：have (develop) insomnia
睡眠不足：want(lack) of sleep; insufficient sleep
不易入睡：have trouble getting to sleep
睡眠无多大的障碍：sleep is not greatly disturbed
失眠病人：insomniac
三、疼痛 Pain
疼痛的发生
感觉疼痛：feel (have; suffer from) a pain; pain is felt in ; feel painful
头痛：have a headache; be troubled with a headache; feel a pain in one's head
患剧烈头痛：have a nasty (bad) headache
时常头痛：be subject (a martyr) to headaches
有撞击似的两侧性头痛：have bilateral pounding headaches
头痛逐渐地变为频发(较不严重)：headaches gradually become more frequent (less severe)
疼痛的种类
恒常(痛)：constant
间歇(痛)：intermittent
偶(痛)：occasional
急性(痛)：acute
钝麻(痛)，闷(痛)：dull
搏动性的：throbbing
抽搐(痛)：tic
抽(痛)：twinge
锐(痛)，急(痛)：sharp
刺(射)痛：stabbing ( shooting) pain
钻锥(痛)：boring
穿刺(痛)：piercing
窜(痛)：darting
被咬样的(痛)：gnawing
似裂(痛)：tearing (splitting)
胀(痛)：bursting
刀割样(痛)：knife like
痉挛(痛)：crampy
拉(痛)：dragging
箍(痛)：girdle like (constricting)
痛得打滚：writhing
极痛的：excruciating
切割的(痛)：lancinating
绞性痛：colic (colicky pain)
剧痛：severe (pungent; intense)
感应痛：referred pain
坠痛：bearing down pain
发生遍身的酸痛：develop diffuse body aching
有剧烈的骨盘痛：have exquisite pelvic pain
牙痛频发：continual bouts of toothache
一阵阵剧烈的牙痛：the pangs of a toothache
带有胸膜炎性状的右胸痛：right sided pain of a pleuritic character
发生阵痛性的疼痛：have labor like pains
疼痛再发pain reappears (relapses); pain breaks out again; a return of the pain
疼痛放射pain radiates ( travels) to …; pain radiating from … to …; radiation of the pain to …
疼痛存在于：the pain is limited to; the pain is located (localized; situated) in (or over) ; there is localized pain in …
遍在痛：generalized (general; extensive; unlocalized) pain
疼痛减轻：pain is relieved by , relieve (ease, allay, alleviate, assuage, abate, soothe) the pain, pains decrease (grow less, go down , fall off)
疼痛减轻了：the pain became lighter
疼痛的严重度减少：the severity of the pain waned
疼痛未停止：the pain did no ease
四、胃肠 Stomach & Bowels
胃不调：upset stomach
消化不良：have bad (impaired: defective) digestion; suffer from indigestion (dyspepsia)
胃有毛病：have a disordered stomach (stomach disorder); something is wrong with one's stomach.
因过食而伤胃：injure one＇s stomach by overeating oneself
觉食物积滞胃中：feel heavy on the stomach
食物不易消化：lie (sit) heavy on one's stomach
欲呕：feel nauseated
有晨吐：have morning sickness
夜吐(饭后恶心)：nocturnal (postprandial) nausea
晕船(车)：be sea (car) sick
有点恶心：have (experience) some nausea
严重的作呕：have considerable retching
里急后重时发生恶心和呕吐：have a spell of N & V while straining at stool
患食欲不振和恶心：be anorexic and nauseated
偶而恶心和呕吐：develop occasional nausea and vomiting
老是溢酸，感觉腹胀：burp all the time, feel bloated
吐出清净透明的胃容物：with vomiting of clear gastric contents
呕吐停了，消失了：vomiting stopped (ceased), cleared
止吐：settle the stomach
打噎：belch (eruct; eructate)
解大便：open (relax; evacuate) the bowel; have a passage
有便意：have a call of nature
有1次(2次)大便：have a motion (two motions)
没有大便：be constipated
平均每天大便12次：averaged 12 stools daily
发觉粪便中有很多血：noticed gross blood in one＇s stools
开始一天解8次松的多脂粪便：began to pass 8 loose greasy stools per day
大便增加到一天4—5次：stools increased in number to 4 or 5 daily
更换尿布时有些粪便：have some stool in each diaper change
种类：ordinary, dry, hard, loose(soft), large, watery(liquid), formed, formless, frothy, mucous, bloody, ricewater, peasoup, tarry
臭味：odorless, extremely foul, sour, putrid, less offensive in odor, offensive but no excessively foul
颜色：black, tarry, brownishblack, brown, red, green, yellow, lightbrown, greywhite (claycolored)
便秘：suffer from constipation
惯性便秘：habitual constipation
时常便秘：be always constipated
有便秘倾向：have a tendency to be constipated
只有灌肠才能缓和严重的便秘：one＇s severe constipation was relieved only by enemas
晨泻，水泻，粘液性腹泻，慢性腹泻：diarrhea (morning, watery, mucous, dysenteric, chronic)
腹泻：diarrhea (轻症 mild,拖延的 protracted, 无法控制的 uncontrolled, 难医的intractable)
患腹泻：suffer from diarrhea; have (an attack of ) diarrhea; have loose bowels
短期的腹泻发生了：a brief episode of diarrhea occurred
开始泻腹(自然消失，于两天后消失)：diarrhea commenced (spontaneously disappeared, cleared after 2 days)
偶而泻肚子：have occasional diarrhea
腹泻厉害，在3—7次之间：diarrhea varied in severity from 3 to 7 B.M.
不得不服药：be obliged to take physics
腹泻未因吃脱脂牛奶而转佳：received skim milk without any improvement in the diarrhea
用泻药：use a purgative
五、排尿生殖器
排便：micturate; make(pass) water; void; piss
一夜有2次小便：have nocturia twice nightly (a night)
这次住院时解出一个结石：pass a stone on this admission
小便浑浊：one's urine is thick(colored)
解出极浑浊，乳白色的尿：the passage of highly turbid, milky urine
频尿：frequent urination(micturition)
无法忍受的频尿：intolerable frequency of urination
终末性血尿：terminal hematuria
终末尿带有几滴血：urine terminates with a few drops of blood
排尿痛：micturition pain
解尿时左腰疼痛：have pain in the left loin on micturition
小便流势良好：void with a good stream
尿流细小：small u
六、呼吸 Resp，咳嗽 Cough，痰 Sputum
呼吸困难：breathe hard (with difficulty) ; have difficulty in breathing ( respiration)
呼吸困难：dyspnea (夜间性 nocturnal, 发作性paroxysmal)
安静时(运动性)呼吸困难：dyspnea at rest (on exertion)
常发生发作性夜间呼吸困难：frequent episodes of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
呼吸困难突然厉害起来：have sudden increase in dyspnea
患轻微的运动性呼吸困难：have some mild exertional dyspnea
患急性呼吸困难：have an acute attack of dyspnea
无呼吸困难：have no respiratory embarrassment
偶有心悸：have occasional palpitations
心悸反复发生：have recurrent episodes of palpations
苦咳个不停：have a hard (racking; convulsive) cough
患4天干燥发作性咳嗽：experience a 4day episode of dry paroxysmal cough.
2岁时开始有间歇性烦咳：intermittent hacking cough started at 2 years old
咳嗽减少了：one＇s cough diminished
发生轻度无痰的干咳：develop slight nonproductive cough
有点(很多)咯血：have minimal (massive) hemoptysis.
咯出一点血：cough (expectorate; spit) up (out) a little blood
开始咯出黑血斑点：began coughing op flecks of dark blood
中等量(多量/大量)带有灰白色痰的咳嗽：moderate amounts (a great deal, large quantities) of grayishwhite sputum
痰涌上咽喉，有酸味：phlegm wells up in the throat and tastes sour
痰堵住嗓子了：phlegm blocked the windpipe
半杯黄色痰：one half cup of yellowish sputum
吐脓性，偶而带血的痰：produce purulent, occasionally bloodtinged sputum
开始有点咳嗽，并且有约3公撮的血痰：began to have some cough and produced about 3 ml. of bloody sputum.
一点也咳不出痰：do not raise any phlegm at all
咳痰停止了：expectoration ceased
七、神经精神系统 Neuropsychiatric
神经症状
一般用语：vertigo, dizziness, dizzy spell, syncope, fainting, sleepy, drowsy, lethargic, insomnia, hiccough, convulsion, seizure, trembling, involuntary movement, numbness, weakness, incoordination, clumsiness of motion, tingling, unsteadiness in walking, difficulty in walking, paresthesia, anesthesia, paralysis, myalgia, thick speech, aphonia
抑郁
一般用语：despondent, gloomy, worried, disgusted, discouraged, scared, fearful, low, afraid, angry, blue ; cheerful, optimistic, pessimistic, satisfied, stable, fluctuating, hilarious
思考能力
一般用语：think less clearly, decreased speed of thinking, decreased clarity of thought, flight of ideas, loss of mental vigor , mental apathy
再也不能集中心力：can no longer concentrate
发觉集中力减退：noted waning powers of concentration